1. სისხლის სამართლის პროცესის - არსი [„სისხლის სამართლის პროცესის’’ ელემენტები]

 

  

1.შესავალი. 1

2. „sisxlis samarTlis procesis’’  ელემენტები. 2

ა) სუბიექტთა წრე. 2

ბ) საპროცესო ურთიერთობებები. 4

გ) „sisxlis samarTlis procesis’’ ამოცანები  და მიზანი. 4

 

 

1.შესავალი

 

·        saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebSi SeiniSneba danaSaulTa mateba.

·        ra uwyobs xels, ra faqtorebi ganapirobeben danaSaulis arnaxul zrdas? _ pasuxi martivia: mZime socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebi, umuSevroba, zogierTi adamianis ltolva kanonis darRveviT qonebis dagrovebisa, sazogadoebis nawilis zneobrivi degradacia, saxelmwifo ideologiis[ rogorc adamianis mrwamsis] ararseboba, mosaxleobis did nawilSi siRaribe, mxolod mcire nawilSi _ simdidre da mravali sxva.

·        samarTaldamcavi organoebi ver axerxeben Zirfesvianad amoZirkvon danaSaulis xelSemwyobi mizezebi, faqtorebi, magram cdiloben iZulebiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyenebiT mxolod SeaCeron danaSauli.

·        Znelia sazogadoebis marTva mxolod da mxolod qmedebis amkrZalavi normebiT.

·        danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZola advilia im saxelmwifoebSi, sadac ekonomikuri da politikuri berketebis balansiT Seqmnilia harmoniuli Tanacxovreba sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris.

·        magram ramdenadac, calkeul qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic adgili aqvs kanondarRvevebs (danaSauls), Cndeba kiTxva, rogor movaxerxoT danaSaulis gaxsna?

·        pasuxs dasmul kiTxvaze vipoviT iseT iuridiul disciplinaSi, rogoricaa “sisxlis samarTlis procesi’’, romelic ganusaz-Rvravs kompetentur saxelmwifo organoebs, Tu rogori wesebisa da pirobebis dacviT, ra moqmedebebis CatarebiT iqnes gamoZiebuli da gaxsnili danaSauli.

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·        ufro naTeli, rom gavxadoT sisxlis samarTlis procesis buneba, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, gavxsnaT sityvis _ `procesi~ arsi (ramdenadac viciT ras niSnavs `sisxlis samarTali~).

·        sityva `procesi~ _ laTinuri warmoSobisaa (`processus~) da qarTulad niSnavs _ winsvlas.

·        Tu `procesis~ nacvlad winsvlas gamoviyenebT _ miviRebT `sisxlis samarTlis winsvlas~, magram mxedvelobaSia ara `sisxlis samarTlis~ mecnierebis winsvlis, moZraobis Seswavla, aramed sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobis, winsvlis Seswavla.

·        sad veZeboT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sawyisi? saidan iwyebs igi moZraobas? da saiT miemarTeba?

·        SeiZleba martivad vTqvaT: sisxlis samarTlis saqme moZraobas, winsvlas iwyebs im momentidan, rodesac momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT daiwyeba gamoZieba da miemarTeba sasamarTlosaken, raTa dadgindes:

ა) ganxorcielebulia Tu ara danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebi,

ბ)vin aris braleuli kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebis CadenaSi,

გ)vis daedos msjavri da

დ) vin iqnes cnobili msjavrdebulad?

 

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2. „sisxlis samarTlis procesis’’  ელემენტები

ა) სუბიექტთა წრე

 

·        sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobis, winsvlis mamoZravebeli Zalebis, subieqtTa wre sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiTaa gansazRvruli.

·        subieqtTa am wres miekuTvneba: gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle da sasamarTlo, romlebic TavianTi saqmianobis dros sargebloben sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT miniWebuli saproceso uflebebiT da akisriaT საპროცესო  movaleobebi.

·        aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis pirebis saqmianoba qaosurad ki ar mimdinareobs, aramed erTian sistemas warmoadgens, moqceulia sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis CarCoebSi  da qmnis imis garantიაs, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobis dros daculi iqneba kanonis uzenaesoba da procesis monawileTa uflebebi.

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·        ase magaliTad, gamomZiebeli, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT aRWurvilia garkveuli uflebamosilebiT, momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT ა)iwyebs [წინასწარ] gamoZiebas, ბ)atarebs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT gansazRvrul saproceso moqmedebebs: [SemTxvevis adgilis daTvaliereba, Cxreka, amoReba, dakiTxva, eqspertizis daniSvna da a.S.], raTa Sekribos sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze „WeSmaritebis’’ dasadgenad.

ხ

·        prokurori ki, „winaswari gamoZiebis’ stadiaze axorcielebs gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelobas.

·        rac gulisxmobs imas, rom igi gamomZiebels ა)aZlevs sxvadasxva saxis miTiTebebs, ბ)exmareba mas gamoZieba awarmoos yovelmxriv, srulad, obieqturad, გ)gamoavlinos braldebulis rogorc mamxilebeli, aseve gamamarTlebeli garemoebebi, agreTve დ)braldebulis pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli Tu Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi.

·        mas Semdeg, rac prokurori miiCnevs, rom winasasamarTlo gamoZiebis etapze Sekrebili mtkicebulebebisa da informaciis erToblioba sakmarmisia „gonivruli eWvisaTvis’’[დასაბუთებული ეჭვისთვის], rom ამ „pirma Caidina danaSauli’’, gamoaqvs dadgenileba piris[ეჭვმიტანილის] „braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb“ an aZlevs Tanxmobas gamomZiebels aseTi „dadgenilebis’’ gamotanis Taobaze.

·        „winaswari gamoZieba’’[სტადია] sruldeba prokuroris mier „sabraldebo daskvnis’’ SedgeniT.

·        „sabraldebo daskvna’’ aris braldebulisadmi wardgenili braldebis „mokle werilobiTi aRwera’’,

·        sabraldebo daskvna’’ safuZveli xdeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTloSi gadagzavnisa.

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·        sasamarTloSi ki sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta moxdeba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier an kolegiurad mosamarTleTa SemadgenlobiT, romelic sruldeba ganaCenis gamotaniT.

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·        zemoT naCvenebi msjelobidan ikveTeba, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementi unda iyos  sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanoniT[კოდექსით] gansazRvruli gamomZieblisa da prokuroris (ანუ gamoZiebisa da prokuraturis organoebis) saqmianoba, mimarTuli danaSau- lis faqtis gamoZiebisaken, da aseve, mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) saqmianoba, mimarTuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetisaken.

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·        faqtTan dakavSirebiT iwyeba ra gamoZieba, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba _ procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi (gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobidan gamomdinare valdebulni arian gamokveTon pirebi, romlebic „dainteresebulni arian sisxlis samarTlis saqmis SedegiT’’, e.i. „icaven sakuTar interesebs’’ an „arian maTi warmomadgenlebi’’.

·        „დაინტერესებული პირები’’ gaxlavT: „dazaralebuli’’ da „misi warmomadgeneli’’, „braldebuli’’ da „misi damcveli’’.

ხ

·        sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis dros, procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi saqmeSi moiwveven im pirebs, romlebic floben informacias momxdari faqtis Sesaxeb (mowme, eqsperti),

·        aseve saqmeSi CarTaven damxmare funqciis Sesasruleblad: specialists, Tarjimans, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivans.

·        sisxlis samarTlis procesSi Cabmuli  xsenebuli pirebic axorcieleben sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT miniWebuli saproceso uflebebisa da dakisrebuli movaleobebis safuZvelze gansazRvrul saqmianobas (ganacxadeben ა)Suamdgomlobas, ბ)acilebas, გ)monawileoben sagamoZiebo moqmedebaTa CatarebaSi, დ)gamodian sasamarTloSi da a.S.), riTac xels uwyoben konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadge- nas.

·        SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnuli pirebis savaldebulo monawileoba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, sisxlis samarTlis procesis aseve mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli elemetia, emsaxureba sisxlis samarTlis procesis bunebis gaxsnas.

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ბ) საპროცესო ურთიერთობებები

 

·        sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis dros saqmeSi Cabmuli pirebi, eseni iqnebian: procesis mwarmoebeli pirebi (gamomZiebeli, prokurori, mosamarTle, sasamarTlo) Tu procesis sxva monawileni (dazaralebuli, misi warmomad- geneli, braldebuli, misi damcveli, mowme, eqsperti, specialisti, Tarjimani) erTmaneTTan mWidrod arian dakavSirebuli.

·        ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Catarebis dros procesis monawileTa saproceso uflebebisa da movaleobebis realizaciis dros maT Soris uamravi saproceso urTierTobebi aRmocendeba.

·         amdagvari saproceso urTierTobebis safuZvelze sisxlis samarTlis procesis winaSe mdgari amocanebisa da miznis Sesruleba miRwevadi xdeba.

·        sisxlis samarTlis procesi saproceso urTierTobis gareSe yovlad warmoudgenelia, regulirebis sagnis gareSe darCeboda. amitom unda iTqvas, rom procesis monawileebs Soris aRmocenebuli saproceso urTierTobac (aq igulisxmeba urTierToba, rogorc uSualod procesis mwarmoebel pirebs Soris, aseve urTierToba procesis mwarmoebel pirebsa da procesis sxva monawileebs Soris,  ასევე TviT procesis sxva monawileebs Soris), romelic sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebiT wesrigdeba _ sisxlis samarTlis procesis elementia.

·        am elements sinaTle Seaqvs „sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsSi’’, misi arteriaa.

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გ) „sisxlis samarTlis procesis’’ ამოცანები  და მიზანი

 

·        sisxlis samarTlis procesis damoukidebel iuridiul disciplinad arsebobas gamarTleba ver moeZebneboda, Tu mis winaSe garkveuli amocanebis gadawyveta ar daismeboda da ar disaxeboda garkveuli miznis miRweva.

·        unda iTqvas, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba (winsvla) saboloo jamSi sisxlis samarTlis procesis winaSe mdgari amocanebis gadawyvetas da miznis miRwevas emsaxureba.

·        sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani is mwvervalia, sadac sisxlis samarTlis procesi Tavisi arsebobis gamarTlebas poulobs.

·        amitom unda iTqvas sisxlis samarTlis procesis mizani, romelic sisxlis samarTlis procesis bunebas[არსს] avsebs da amyarebs unda CaiTvalos mis erT-erT elementad (sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanebze da mizanze ცალკე gveqneba saubari).

ხ

·        yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba SevjerdeT da davaskvnaT:

 

sisxlis samarTlis procesi aris: gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlosa da sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sxva monawileTa kanoniT mowesrigebuli saqmianoba, mimarTuli konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze WeSmaritebis dasadgenad. [sisxlis samarTlis procesiს ცნება  -საზეპიროდ]

 

ხ

[აქედან წასაკითხად]

 

sisxlis samarTlis procesis aRniSnul ganmartebaSi SevecadeT gadmogveca misTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebi.

 

TumcaRa saproceso literaturis gacnoba dagvarwmunebs, rom arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsis gagebis uamravi varianti.

 

·        kerZod, germaneli mecnieri iuristebi miiCneven, rom „sisxlis samarTlis procesi _ es aris kanoniT mowesrigebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba im mizniT, rom dadgindes ganaCeni.’’

am ganmartebaSi aris WeSmaritebis marcvali.

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·        frang mecnier iuristebs sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi sxvadasxvagvarad aqvT gagebuli, yvela Sexedulebis CamoTvla Sors wagviyvans, moviyvanT mxolod Jan pradeliseul xedvas, romelic sisxlis samarTlis process ornawilad yofs: erTis mxriv _ sasamarTlo da mosamarTle da meores mxriv sakuTriv procesi (sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraoba).

·        anviTarebs ra sakuTar mosazrebas, igi wers, rom: `sisxlis saproceso samarTali awesrigebs sarCelis instituts (mxedvelobaSia sajaro da samoqalaqo), romlis wardgeniTac iwyeba saqmis warmoeba da aseve awesrigebs iusticiis organoebis status da organizacias, es warmoeba ra Tqma unda gulisxmobs TviT warmoebis wess~.

 

·        zogierTi franguli iuridiuli doqtrina: sisxlis samarTlis process ganixilavs, rogorc „mxolod kompetenturi saxelmwifo organoebis saqmianobis sistemas, mimarTuls sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sawarmoeblad~.

 

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·        rac Seexeba amerikel mecnierebs, maT Sorisac azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsTan dakavSirebiT.

·        kaliforniis universitetis profesori r. perkinsi werda: `sisxlis samarTlis procesi _ esaa formaluri meqanizmi, romelic dawesebulia materialuri sisxlis samarTlis ganxorcielebisaTvis~, am ganmartebaSi marTlac aris WeSmariteba.

·        C. frikki ki SeniSnavda: `sisxlis samarTlis procesi _ esaa samarTliT gawerili meTodi piris dakavebis, sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis, danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis, agreTve danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT sasjelis gansazRvris Sesaxeb~.

·        dRes, amerikis umaRles iuridiul saswavleblebSi gavrcelebul sisxlis samarTlis procesis saxelmZRvaneloebSi gvxvdeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis Semdegi definicia: ` sisxlis samarTlis procesi es aris is procedura, romelsac gaivlis sisxlis samarTlis saqme piris dapatimrebis momentidan sasjelis daniSvnis momentamde~. aqve, imasac dasZenen, rom: `amerikuli sisxlissamarTlis sistemis modeli gvevlineba SejibrebiTobisa da braldebis modelad. sisxlis samarTlis procesi unda abalansebdes braldebulis uflebasa da saxelmwifos interesebs swrafi da efeqtiani marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis meSveobiT da ra Tqma unda samarTlianobisadmi swrafviT~.

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·        sxvadasxva xedvaa sisxlis samarTlis procesis elementebTan mimarTebaSic. ase magaliTad, m.s. strogoviCi saubrobs ra sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsze, masSi xedavs or ZiriTad elements: a) gamoZiebis organoebis, prokuraturisa da sasamarTlos saqmianobas, aRmocenebuls sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonis safuZvelze da b) samarTlebrivi urTierToba, rogorc uSualod aRniSnul organoebs Soris, aseve aRniSnul organoebsa da im moqalaqeebsa da organizaciebs Soris, romlebzedac vrceldeba procesis mwarmoebel organoTa saqmianoba.

·        rogoria kavSiri sisxlis samarTlis procesis am or elements Soris? esaa _ kavSiri Sinaarsisa da formisa.

·        sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierToba, romelic aRmocendeba procesis mwarmoebel organoebs Soris danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis sferoSi aris samarTlebrivi forma, xolo aRniSnuli organoebis saqmianoba aris sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi urTierTobis Sinaarsi.

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·        zogierT rusul saxelmZRvaneloSi sisxlis samarTlis procesis sam elementzea saubari:

 

a) sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul saxelmwifo organoTa, Tanamdebobis pirTa da im pirTa saqmianoba, romlebic wodebulni arian procesis monawileebad;

 

b) sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobis Sedegad procesis monawileebs Soris aRmocenebuli samarTlebrivi urTierTobani;

 

g) procesis mwarmoebel pirTa da procesis sxva monawileTasaqmianobisa da am saqmianobis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli urTierTobebis samarTlebrivi mowesrigeba.

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·        aris mosazreba, romelic sisxlis samarTlis procesSi oTx elements gamoyofs.

·        saproceso literaturaSi xSirad daismis xolme sakiTxi sisxlis samarTlis procesisa da marTlmsajulebis mimarTebis Sesaxeb. rodesac sisxlis samarTlis პროცესის cnebas vayalibebdiT, SevniSnavdiT, rom: `sisxlis samarTlis procesi aris gamomZieblis, prokuroris, mosamarTlis, sasamarTlosa da sisxlissamarTalwarmoebis sxva monawileTa kanoniT mowesrigebuli saqmianoba~.

·        sisxlis samarTlis procesis bunebis gasaxsnelad vasaxelebT iseT elementebs, rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis saqmis moZraobis dros „saxelmwifo organoebisa’’ da „Tanamdebobis pirTa’’ saqmianoba, am „organoebSi’’ da „Tanamdebobis pirebSi’’ vgulisxmobT sasamarTlosac da mosamarTlesac.

·        yovelive es ki, xom ar niSnavs imas, rom sisxlis samarTlis procesi da marTlmsajuleba identuri cnebebia an sisxlis samarTlis procesi STanTqavs marTlmsajulebas.

·        Tu marTlmsajulebas viwro kuTxiT SevxedavT, masSi moviazrebT mxolod da mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili saproceso formiT mimdinareobs, maSin sisxlis samarTlis procesi ufro farTo cnebad mogvevlineba da marTlmsajuleba mis mier STanTqmulad.

·         magram saqme imaSia, rom marTlmsajuleba gvevelineba ra sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis erT-erT formad ar daiyvaneba mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvamde.

·        aq, igulisxmeba agreTve administraciuli da samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvac (zogierTi mecnieri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier saqmeTa ganxilvasac miiCnevs marTlmsajulebad), romlebic mimdinareobs Sesabamisi saproceso kanonmdeblobiT.

·        e.i. gamodis, rom marTlmsajuleba ufro farTo Sinaarsis mtvirTvelia, vidre sisxlis samarTlis procesi.

·        magram es ganacxadi sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom sisxlis samarTlis processa da marTlmsajulebas Soris mWidro kavSiri ar arsebobs. am kavSirTan dakavSirebiT zemoT ukve aRvniSneT.

·        damatebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom marTlmsajuleba sazrdoobs sisxlis samarTlis, samoqalaqo samarTlis saproceso da yvela im samarTlis normebiT, romlebic gamoiyeneba administraciuli, samoqalaqo Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa ganxilvisas.

misi iuridiuli safuZveli ufro farToa.

 

·        sisxlis samarTlis procesi ki saproceso moqmedebaTa Catarebis wess adgens da gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebiT.

·        amdenad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT,

 

Tu marTlmsajuleba erTis mxriv gagebuli iqneba, rogorc „sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva’’ (viwro formiT), maSin sisxlis samarTlis procesi ufro farTo Sinaarsis gamodis. aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi saproceso kanonis CarCoebSi aqcevs ara mxolod sasamarTlos saqmianobas sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvisas, aramed sasamarTlomdel warmoebasac (winaswar gamoZiebas), romelic mimdinareobs sasamarTlosaTvis.

 

meores mxriv, Tu marTlmsajulebaSi moviazrebT ara mxolod da mxolod „sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvas’’, aramed „samoqalaqo’’ da „sxva saqmeTa’’ ganxilvis wess, maSin marTlmsajuleba Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi datvirTviT ufro farTo cneba iqneba, rameTu ukve igi moicavs, rogorc sisxlis saproceso samarTlis, ise samoqalaqo saproceso samarTalis, administraciuli saproceso samarTlis da sxva samarTlis normebs (saerTod, ganasxvaveben marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis iseT formebs, rogoricaa: sisxlis, samoqalaqo, konstituciuri, administraciuli da zogierT qveynebSi saarbitraJo warmoeba. saproceso literaturaSi xSirad gvxvdeba gamoTqma sisxlissamarTalwarmoeba, igi Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi dat- virTviT igivea, rac sisxlis samarTlis procesi