თავი 2 სამოქალაქო სამართლის ნორმის განმარტება

 

სამოქალაქო samarTlis normis ganmarteba

·        kanonis abstraqtuli stili, xSir SemTxvevaSi, saWiroebs normis dakonkretebas manam, sanam SesaZlebeli iqneba subsumciis dawyeba.

·         norma, ufro swored, misi faqtobrivi elementebi’’ (da aseve samarTlebrivi Sedegi’’) jer unda damuSavdes ise, rom eqvemdebarebodes subsumcias.

·        Nnormis  dakonkreteba xorcieldeba normaSi gamoyenebuli cnebebis ganmartebis gziT.

·        imisaTvis, rom SesaZlebeli iyos araerTgvarovani samarTlebrivi cnebebis saTanado definiciis SemuSaveba, gamoiyeneba ganmarteba.

·        ganmartebis saSualebiT xdeba samarTlebrivi normis interpretacia da misi Sinaarsis gansazRvra.

·        anu, ganmartebis meTodi gamoiyeneba yovelTvis maSin, rodesac samarTlebrivi normis an misi romelime faqtobrivi elementis Sinaarsi bundovani[!] an mravalmniSvnelovania[!]

 

·        ganmarteba aris samarTlis praqtikosis[პრაქტიკოსი იურისტის] yoveldRiuri saqmianoba.

 

·        magaliTad, sk-is me-4 muxlis mixedviT, “sasamarTlos ara aqvs ufleba uari Tqvas samoqalaqo saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miRebaze im SemTxvevaSic, Tu samarTlis norma ar arsebobs, an igi bundovania. ‘’

 

·        universitetSi swavlisas da praqtikaSic, rogorc wesi, SesaZlebelia praqtikaSi ukve arsebuli da aseve samarTlis mecnierebis farglebSi damkvidrebuli ganmartebis “mza’’ Sedegebis gamoyeneba.

 

·        Tumca, miuxedavad amisa, studentsac unda SeeZlos normis ganmarteba.

 

·        erTi, rom momavalSi mas permanentulad[anu ganuwyvetlad,mudmivad] mouwevs kanonis ganmarteba, da meore, yvela problemur sakiTxze ar arsebobs “mza’’ pasuxi da mosazreba.

 

·        ganmarteba aseve saWiroa iseT SemTxvevebSic, rodesac weriTi gamocdisas students aRar axsovs literaturasa da praqtikaSi damkvidrebuli mosazrebebi.

 

·        aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, students kazusis damuSavebisas damoukideblad unda SeeZlos samarTlebrivi normis misaRebi ganmartebis SemuSaveba.

 

·        kanonis ganmartebis mizniT ZiriTadad gamiyeneba argumentaciis oTxi saSualeba:

 

 - gramatikuli ganmarteba;

- istoriuli ganmarteba;

- sistemuri ganmarteba;

- T(t)eleologiuri ganmarteba.

 

·        unda aRiniSnos, rom normis ganmartebisas ar aris aucilebeli ganmartebis yvela[ჩამოთვლილი]  meTodis ganxilva da gamoyeneba.

·        samarTlebrivi normis ganmartebis’’ mizania normis interpretaciis myari argumentebis moZieba

 

gramatikuli ganmarteba

·        orientirebulia im faqtobrivi elementis’’ sityvier formulirebaze, romelic aris ganmartebis sagani.

·        amasTan, mniSvnelovania faqtobrivi elementis’’ ara mxolod zogadi mniSvneloba, aramed aseve specifikuri datvirTvac.

·        gramatikuli ganmarteba aris yvela “sxva ganmartebis’’ amosavali wertili da maTi farglebis ganmsazRvreli[anu amiT iwyeben]

·        ama Tu im samarTlebrivi cnebis sityvier formulirebas SesaZloa hqondes sxvadasxva datvirTva.

·        swored es aris am normis metad SezRuduli[viwro] Tu farTo  ganmartebis safuZveli.

x

·        rodesac dasaSvebia samarTlebrivi cnebis sxvadasxvagvari gageba, gramatikuli ganmartebis farglebSi mizanSewonilia SerCeul iqnasfarTo ganmarteba’’, vidre aRniSnuli procesi SeizRudos cnebis yvelaze viwro gagebiT.

am gziT SesaZlebeli xdeba samarTlebrivi cnebis farTo ganxilva.

x

·        xolo qvemoT ganxiluli `ganmartebis instrumentebis~ saSualebiT SemdegSi SesaZlebelia ufro viwro mniSvnelobis gamoyeneba.

·        SezRuduli (anu viwro) ganmartebisas sityvieri mniSvneloba viwrod ganimarteba samarTlebrivi cnebis miznis safuZvelze, xolo farTo ganmartebisas ki igi[sityvieri mniSvneloba] farTovdeba, ivrcoba.

 

magaliTi:

sk-is 83-e muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT, motyuebisas mesame piris mxridan SeiZleba garigebis baTilobis moTxovna, Tu motyuebis Sesaxeb icoda an unda scodnoda im pirs, romelic sargebels iRebs am garigebidan. ‘’

aRniSnul normas mivyavarT sk-is 81-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli “gasaCivrebis uflebis’’ imgvar SezRudvamde, rom Semodis “gasaCivrebis’’ “axali winapirobebi’:  sargeblis mimRebi piris codna an codnis movaleoba. aRniSnuli normis gamoyenebis sfero damokidebulia aseve imazec, Tu vin igulisxmeba `mesame piris~ cnebaSi.

rac ufro “farTod’’ gavigebT `mesame piris~ cnebas, miT ufro Zlieria sk-is 81-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli gasaCivrebis uflebis SezRudva.

am SemTxvevaSi dasaSvebia Semdegi interpretacia:

1. `mesame piri~ sk-is 83-e muxlis pirveli nawilis gagebiT SesaZloa iyos nebismieri piri, romelic ar aris xelSekrulebis mxare (farTo ganmarteba). [aRniSnulis mixedviT mesame pirebad CaiTvlebian is pirebic, romlebic warmodgenilni arian xelSekrulebis ama Tu im mxares da monawileoba miiRes xelSekrulebis dadebaSi, magaliTad, “warmomadgeneli’’ sk-is 103-e da momdevno muxlebis mixedviT.]

2. `mesame piri~ sk-is 83-e muxlis pirveli nawilis gagebiT aris yvela is piri, romelsac Sexeba aqvs xelSekrulebis orive mxaresTan, Tumca, ar aris warmodgenili romelime mxares, aramed aqvs Tavisi sakuTari interesi, [magaliTad, “makleri’’]

. 3. `mesame piri~ sk-is 83-e muxlis pirveli nawilis gagebiT SeiZleba iyos mxolod iseTi piri, romelic saerTod ar monawileobs garigebaSi (viwro ganmarteba) – [Sesabamisad, warmodgenili midgomis mixedviT arc warmomadgeneli da arc makleri ar igulisxmeba am cnebis qveS].

·        istoriuli ganmartebis’’ farglebSi xdeba kanonmdeblis nebis gamokvleva kanonis miRebis momentisaTvis.

·        amisaTvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva wyaro.

·        Mag.kanonmdeblis nebaze mianiSnebs erTi mxriv kanonis ganmartebiTi baraTi’’.

·        sxva SesaZlo wyaroebia aseve Sesabamis kanonTan dakavSirebuli parlamentis komitetTa sxdomebis oqmebi an TviTon parlamentSi gamarTul konsultaciebTan dakavSirebuli moxsenebebi igive exeba aseve kanonproeqtis ganmartebiT baraTs.

·        damatebiT aseve SesaZlebelia im pirebis mosazrebebis gamoyeneba, romlebic monawileobdnen kanonis ganxilvaSi.

·        aseve moxdeba kanonis gamocemisas arsebuli ekonomikuri da socialuri pirobebis gaTvaliswineba, [Tu aSkaraa, rom kanonmdebelma gaiTvaliswina aRniSnuli.]

·        maSasadame, istoriuli ganmarteba metwilad damokidebulia xelmisawvdomi da Sinaarsobrivad gamosadegi wyaroebis arsebobaze.

·        aqedan gamomdinare, ganmartebis aRniSnuli meTodi ar gamoiyeneba universitetebSi weriTi gamocdis farglebSi

·        sistemur ganmartebas safuZvlad udevs erTiani marTlwesrigis idea, romlis mixedviT “samarTlis arc erTi norma ar ewinaaRmdegeba meores’’.

·        Aamitom “TiToeuli norma an faqtobrivi elementi unda ganimartos ise, rom igi Seesatyvisebodes marTlwesrigs’’.[!]

·        sistemuri ganmartebis farglebSi SesaZloa warmoCindes argumentebi ganmartebis romelime meTodis sasargeblod gansamart faqtobriv elementTan mimarTebaSi:

- samarTlebrivi normis imave nawilis sxva winadadebebTan mimarTebaSi,

- samarTlebrivi normis sxva nawilebTan mimarTebaSi,

 - kanonis Sesabamisi Tavis sxva samarTlebriv normebTan mimarTebaSi,

- imave samarTlebriv sferosTan dakavSirebuli kanonebis normebTan mimarTebaSi,

 - zogadad marTlwesrigTan  mimarTebaSi.

 

·        Teleologiuri ganmarteba’’ gulisxmobs samarTlebrivi normis arsisa da miznis Ziebas.

·        amasTan, gadamwyvetia ara kanonmdeblis neba kanonis gamocemis momentisaTvis, aramed dRevandeli perspeqtiva.

·        ganmartebis zRvari gadis misi[am ganmartebis]  konstituciurobis moTxovnaze.

·        Aanu sk-is me-2 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo samarTlisa da aseve kerZo samarTlis sxva kanonTa ganmarteba unda Seesabamebodes konstitucias’’.

·        aRniSnul konteqstSi arsebiTia is, rom ganmartebis, rogorc marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis gziT, ar SeiZleba kanonmdeblis kompetenciebSi Careva’’ da savaldebuloa saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanasworobis dacva’’.

·        xSirad samarTlis normis ganmartebisas saxezea sul mcire, ori SesaZlo alternativa erTi samarTlebrivi cnebisTvis.

·        aseT SemTxvevebSi Sesabamisma pirma unda ganaxorcielos am ori alternativis urTierTSefardeba, miiRos saTanado gadawyvetileba da daasabuTos igi.

·        Tu zemoxsenebuli oTxi meTodis  gamoyenebis gziT ar gamovlinda romelime alternativis prioritetuloba an Tundac erT-erTi maTganis gamoyenebis savaldebulooba, maSin unda moxdes argumentaciis Semdegi meTodebis gaTvaliswineba: e.w. `miT ufro~-argumenti, “sawinaaRmdego mosazrebis safuZvelze gamotanili daskvna’’ da aseve “argumentireba absurdamde’’ (argumentum ad absurdum). aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT ix. argumentirebis sxva meTodebi.

 

argumentirebis sxva meTodebi

 

·        ganvixiloT argumentirebis sxva meTodebic, romlebic damatebiT gamoiyeneba zemoT aRniSnuli meTodebisa da argumentirebis struqturaTa farglebSi.

 

1.   `miT ufro~-daskvna (argumentum a fortiori)

 

·        `miT ufro~-daskvnis saSualebiT vadgenT, rom, vinaidan arsebobs esa Tu is garemoeba, miT ufro unda arsebobdes sxva garemoebac an piriqiT _ miT ufro ar unda arsebobdes igi.

·        anu, `miT ufro~-daskvna SesaZloa ganviTardes ori mimarTulebiT: erTi _ `metidan~ `mciresken~ (argumentum a majore ad minus) da meore _ piriqiT, `mciredan~ `metisken~ (argumentum a minore ad majus).

·        pirvel SemTxvevaSi, anu, rodesac daskvna momdinareobs `metidan~ da midis `mciresken~, miiCneva, rom, Tuki mowesrigebulia `meti~, maSin normis mizani miT ufro unda moicavdes `mciresac~[anu mowesrigebulia “mcirec’’].

 

magaliTi:

ipoTekis pirveladi keTilsindisieri SeZena’’ arauflebamosili piris mier, romelic sajaro reestrSi SecdomiT aris registrirebuli mesakuTred (ix. Tavi V, kazusi me-2).

marTalia, sk-is 312-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi saubaria romelime uflebis’’ SeZenaze, magram amis winapirobaa, rom SesaZeni ufleba registrirebuli iyos gamsxviseblis saxelze, rac, ZiriTadad, ar aris mocemuli ipoTekis pirveladi SeZenisas.

aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleboda dagveskvna, rom aRniSnuli norma ar moicavs ipoTekis pirvelad keTilsindisier SeZenas.’’

 Tumca, gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom sk-is 312-e muxlis me-2 nawili SesaZlebels xdis sakuTrebis keTilsindisier SeZenas sajaro reestrSi registraciis safuZvelze.

sakuTrebis ufleba aris yvelaze farTo sanivTo ufleba, rac SeiZleba gaaCndes pirs raime sagnis mimarT.

xolo Tu sk-is 312-e muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT SesaZlebelia TviTon am farTo uflebis keTilsindisieri SeZena SecdomiT registrirebuli gamsxviseblisagan, maSin aRniSnuli miT ufro unda iyos SesaZlebeli am farTo uflebis erT-erTi Semadgeneli aspeqtis farglebSi.

ipoTeka, rogorc sargeblobisa da realizaciis ufleba aris mesakuTris universaluri uflebamosilebis Semadgeneli nawili, aspeqti. aqedan gamomdinare, sk-is 312-e muxlis me-2 nawili aseve moicavs ipoTekis pirvelad keTilsindisier SeZenasac.

x

meore SemTxvevaSi ki, anu rodesac daskvna momdinareobs `mciredan~ da midis `metisken~, miiCneva, rom Tu mowesrigebulia `mcire~, maSin miT ufro unda iyos mowesrigebuli aseve `metic~. aRniSnuli umetesad vrceldeba akrZalvebze.

magaliTi: akrZalva _ `ucxo pirTa Sesvla akrZalulia~, romelic ganTavsebulia nakveTTan miT ufro vrceldeba aseve traqtorebze. [anu “traqtorebiT Sesvla akrZalulia’’]

 

 

2.   daskvna sawinaaRmdegos safuZvelze (argumentum e contracio)

 

·        Tu “analogiis’’ dros umTavresia normis gamoyeneba msgavs, magram mouwesrigebel SemTxvevebze, daskvnas sawinaaRmdegos safuZvelze’’ mivyavarT sruliad sapirispiro mimarTulebiT.

·        daskvniT sawinaaRmdegos safuZvelze’’ ivaraudeba, rom vinaidan kanonmdebelma garkveuli sakiTxi moawesriga garkveuli formiT, amiT mas surda gamoexata, rom aRniSnuli norma ar vrceldeba sxva sakiTxebze da sxva SemTxvevebze.

·        es gansakuTrebiT aSkaraa, rodesac normis dispoziciaSi vxvdebiT sityvas `mxolod~.

·        Tu kanonmdebels surda mocemuli SemTxvevis’’ mowesrigeba, maSin igi moaxerxebda kidec amas.

·        anu, raime sakiTxis ar-mowesrigeba aris  კანონმდებლის gaazrebuli gadawyvetileba.

 

3.   “argunmentireba absurdamde’’Aagumentum ad absurdum

 

·        aRniSnuli argumenti efuZneba mosazrebas, rom ganmarteba an samarTlebrivi problemis gadaWris gza im SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba iyos marTebuli, rodesac misi gamoyenebis Sedegi ewinaaRmdegeba marTlwesrigis arssa da mizans.

·        aseTi  absurduli Sedegi’’ metyvelebs amgvari  “ganmartebis’’ gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdegod.

 

 

Aanalogia

 

·        samarTlebrivi davebis damuSavebisas xSirad warmoiqmneba iseTi situacia, rodesac Sesafasebeli cxovrebiseuli SemTxveva ar Seesabameba arc erT samarTlebriv normas.

·        anu, rodesac garemoebaTa mocemuli konstelacia (urTierTganlageba) ar aris mowesrigebuli kanoniT.

·        amis erT-erTi mizezi SesaZloa iyos, magaliTad, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis ganviTarebisa da cvalebadobis maRali tempi, ris gamoc kanoni SeiZleba swrafad moZveldes.

·        kanonis SemuSavebis momentisaTvis SeuZlebeli iyo sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis dRevandeli urTierTobebisa da konstelaciebis gaTvaliswineba.

·        amasTan, Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi cxovreba imdenad rTulia, rom SeiZleba kanonmdebels TvalTaxedvidan gamorCes raime cxovrebiseuli niuansi.

 

magaliTi: internetis samarTali da a.S.

 

·        mosamarTles arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar SeuZlia ar ganaxorcielos marTlmsajuleba. sk-is me-4 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos ara aqvs ufleba, uari Tqvas samoqalaqo saqmeebze marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze im SemTxvevaSic, Tu samarTlis norma ar arsebobs’’.

·        maSasadame, aseT SemTxvevebzec vrceldeba marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis valdebuleba.

·        Mmagram vinaidan ar arsebobs kanonismieri safuZveli, mosamarTles, gamonaklisis saxiT, aqvs uflebac da ekisreba movaleobac, rom TviTon Seqmnas igi.

·        aRniSnuli xorcieldeba analogiis’’ gziT.

x

·        sk-is me-5 muxlis pirveli nawili mosamarTles aniWebs uflebamosilebas, kanonSi pirdapir gauTvaliswinebeli urTierTobis mosawesrigeblad gamoiyenos yvelaze ufro msgavsi urTierTobis maregulirebeli samarTlis norma (e.w. kanonis analogia an normis analogia).

x

·        sk-is me-5 muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs, rom, Tu SeuZlebelia kanonis analogiis gamoyeneba igive muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT, urTierToba unda mowesrigdes samarTlis zogadi principebis safuZvelze, agreTve samarTlianobis, keTilsindisierebisa da zneobis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad (e.w. samarTlis analogia).

x

·        orive SemTxvevaSi saubaria samosamarTlo samarTalganviTarebis formebze.

 

 

1.   regulirebis “aragegmiuri xarvezi’’

 

·        rogorc sk-is me-5 muxlidan Cans, “analogiis’’ gamoyenebis winapirobaa, rom Sesabamisi urTierToba ar iyos mowesrigebuli kanoniT.

·        anu unda arsebobdes regulirebis xarvezi.

·        Tumca, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom nebismieri amgvari xarvezi ar aris “analogiis’’ gamoyenebis winapiroba.

·        raime urTierTobis mouwesrigebloba SesaZloa iyos kanonmdeblis Segnebuli gadawyvetileba, rac krZalavs mosamarTlis mier samarTlis ganviTarebas mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, vinaidan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi adgili eqneba sasamarTlo xelisuflebis Carevas sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis funqciebSi.

·        zogadad ki, analogia ganixileba mxolod maSin, rodesac saubaria regulirebis aragegmiur (anu ara Segnebulad dagegmil) xarvezze.

·        aragegmiuri xarvezi’’ arsebobs maSin, rodesac igi ar yofila ganzraxuli kanonmdeblis mier.

·        gvaqvs Tu ara saqme aseT SemTxvevasTan, unda gairkves ganmartebis gziT.

·        aqac SesaZloa efeqturi iyos sawinaaRmdego mosazrebidan gamotanili daskvniT’’ argumentirebis forma

·        anu “Tu norma gvaZlevs imis varaudis safuZvels, rom kanonmdeblis mizani iyo erTi konkretuli urTierTobis mowesrigeba, maSin aRniSnuli metyvelebs imaze, rom man Segnebulad ar moawesriga sxva urTierTobebi’’.

xxxxxxxxxxxx

 

 

2. kanonis analogia [sk-is me-5 muxlis pirveli nawili]

 

·        kanonis analogiis SemTxvevaSi xdeba samarTlebrivi normis gamoyenebis sferos ganvrcoba iseT urTierTobaze, romelic am normiT ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

·        anu, normis samarTlebrivi Sedegi moergeba iseT urTierTobasa da SemTxvevas, romelsac ar moicavs normis dispozicia, anu misi faqtobrivi elementebi.

Tumca, aq normiT gaTvaliswinebuli urTierTobaTa konstelaciebi maTi interesebis mixedviT msgavsia kanoniT mouwesrigebeli urTierTobisa.

 

x

·        kanonis analogiis gamoyenebis winapirobebi:

 

1. regulirebis xarvezi

2. regulirebis xarvezis aragegmiuroba (ix. zemoT)

3. msgavsi interesebi – [gansaxilveli norma ar unda iyos sagamonakliso norma , sk-is me-5 muxlis me-3 nawili (Tumca, SeiZleba dafiqreba imaze, xom ar aris garkveul SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebeli analogiis gamoyeneba iseT SemTxvevebSic, rodesac kanoniT mouwesrigebeli urTierToba miekuTvneba gamonaklis SemTxvevas).

 

analogiiT gamosayenebeli samarTlis normis mizani

 

·        analogiiT gamosayenebeli samarTlis normis mizani unda Seesabamebodes mouwesrigebel urTierTobasac.

·        esec unda dadgindes ganmartebis gziT. aq SesaZloa efeqturi iyos `miT ufro~ argumentis gamoyeneba.

Aanu “Tu kanonmdebels surda normiT gaTvaliswinebul interesTa konstelaciis mowesrigeba, maSin misi survili miT ufro unda yofiliyo interesTa konkretuli konfliqtis mogvareba’’.

 

3. samarTlis analogia[sk-is me-5 muxlis me-2 nawili]

 

·        samarTlis analogiis SemTxvevaSi ramodenime samarTlis normidan SemuSavdeba erTi ZiriTadi principi, romelic gamoiyeneba msgavs SemTxvevebze (urTierTobaze).

·        samarTlis analogiis gamoyenebis winapirobebi:

 

1. regulirebis xarvezi

2. regulirebis xarvezis aragegmiuroba (ix. zemoT)

3. kanonis analogiis gamoyenebis SeuZlebloba (sk-is me-5 muxlis me-2 nawili)

 4. ZiriTadi principis msgavsi interesebis arseboba, romelic ar efuZneba sagamonakliso normas.

 

 

 

Teleologiuri reduqcia

 

·        kanonis analogiisagan gansxvavebiT, Teleologiuri reduqciisas adgili aqvs samarTlebrivi normis gamoyenebis sferos SezRudvas.

·        Sesabamisi urTierToba moeqceva samarTlebrivi normis dispoziciaSi; Tumca, dgeba arasasurveli samarTlebrivi Sedegi, vinaidan igi ewinaaRmdegeba normis konkretul mizans.

·        aRniSnulis erT-erTi magaliTia “sakuTar TavTan garigebis dadebis dauSvebloba’’, sk-is 114-e muxli, romlis mixedviTac “warmomadgenels ar SeuZlia warmodgenili piris saxeliT sakuTar TavTan Tavisi saxeliT, an, rogorc mesame piris warmomadgenelma, dados garigeba, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca TanxmobiT sxva ram aris gaTvaliswinebuli an garigeba ukve arsebobs raime valdebulebis Sesasruleblad’’.

·        Aam normas safuZvlad udevs mosazreba, rom garigebis orive mxares erTi da igive piris monawileoba qmnis, erTi mxriv, interesTa koliziis, xolo, meore mxriv, warmodgenili pirisTvis (marwmuneblisTvis) zianis miyenebis safrTxes.

·        swored amis gamo krZalavs sk-is 114-e muxli sakuTar TavTan garigebis dadebas.

·        vinaidan sk-is 114-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs imis gadamowmebas, mocemulia Tu ara interesTa SeuTavsebloba (kolizia), aramed sakuTar TavTan garigebis dadebaSi gulisxmobs aseve yvela im SemTxvevasac, rodesac arc interesTa koliziaa saxeze da arc romelime mxarisTvis zianis miyenebis safrTxe.

·        es SemTxvevaTa is konstelaciebia, rodesac warmodgenil pirs aqvs  samarTlebrivi upiratesoba.

x

·        xolo imis gasarkvevad, SesaZlebelia Tu ara Teleologiuri reduqcia, gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi nabijebi:

a.   pirvel rigSi, saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebi unda Seefardos samarTlis normas. Teleologiuri reduqcia SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxezea normis Semadgeneli yvela faqtobrivi elementi, rac iwvevs Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi Sedegis dadgomas. xolo Tu ar aris saxeze erTi faqtobrivi elementi mainc, maSin aRar aris saWiro normis gamoyenebis sferos SezRudva, vinaidan ver dadgeba samarTlebrivi Sedegi.

Tu mocemulia yvela faqtobrivi elementi da dadgenilia samarTlebrivi Sedegic, unda ganisazRvros normis konkretuli mizani, risTvisac viyenebT swored normis Teleologiuri ganmartebis meTods.

b.   meore etapze unda Semowmdes, moicavs Tu ara normis mizani mocemul problematur konstelaciebsac. Tu aRniSnuli Semowmebis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom normis mizani ar moicavs winamdebare SemTxvevas, maSin SesaZlebelia normis gamoyenebis sferos SezRudva Teleologiuri reduqciis gziT, ris Sedegadac norma ar gamoiyeneba SemTxvevaTa mocemul konstelaciaze. xolo Tu normis mizani vrceldeba aRniSnul SemTxvevaze, maSin bunebrivia, moxdeba normis gamoyeneba.

 

magaliTi:

sk-is 999-e muxlis pirveli nawilis gamoyenebis sferos SezRudva Semdegi urTierTobis farglebSi:

“satransporto saSualebis mZRoli’’ da “satransporto saSualebis mflobeli” (ix.Tavi mexuTe, kazusi me-3, gv.123).

 

·        sk-is 999-e muxlis pirveli nawilis mizania, uzrunvelyos zianis anazRaurebis ufleba moZraobaSi monawile pirebisaTvis satransporto saSualebiT zianis miyenebisas, romelic ar aris damokidebuli braleulobaze.

·        aRniSnuli ganpirobebulia moZraobaSi monawile pirTa dainteresebiT, rom “satransporto saSualebis mflobelma’’ imis gaTvaliswinebiT  gasces misi satransporto saSualebis gamoyenebis nebarTva, rom nebismieri satransporto saSualeba imavdroulad warmoadgens potenciur safrTxes moZraobis sxva monawileebisTvis.

·        amgvarad, moTxovna ekuTvnis moZraobis monawiles, romelsac satransporto saSualebis gamoyenebis Sedegad miadga ziani.

·         moTxovna mimarTulia satransporto saSualebis mflobelis winaaRmdeg, romelic iRebs sargebels misi _ rogorc safrTxis gamomwvevi saSualebis _ gamoyenebidan.

·        Tu erTmaneTs SevadarebT satransporto saSualebis mflobelis, satransporto saSualebis mZRolisa da moZraobaSi monawile mesame pirTa inetresebs, mivalT daskvnamde, rom mZRolisa da satransporto saSualebis mflobelis interesebi ufro axlos dgas erTmaneTTan.

·        mZRoli satransporto saSualebis mflobelTan erTad Tanabrad inawilebs satransporto saSualebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebul risks.

·        igi aseve iRebs sargebels satransporto saSualebis gamoyenebidan da imavdroulad asabuTebs masTan dakavSirebul gansakuTrebul safrTxes.

·        ar arsebobs safuZveli imisa, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi mZRols mflobelis mimarT mivakuTvnoT zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba, romelic ar aris damokidebuli braleulobaze.

·        aRniSnuli normis mizania moZraobaSi monawile mesame pirTa dacva safrTxisagan, romelic momdinareobs satransporto saSualebis eqspluataciidan, da ara im pirebis dacva, romlebmac Tavad Seqmnes safrTxe an pasuxismgeblebi arian satransporto saSualebis eqspluataciaze.

·        mocemuli konstelaciis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebuli samarTlebrivi Sedegi, satransporto saSualebis mZRolis zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba misi mflobelis mimarT ar Seesabameba sk-is 999-e muxlis pirveli nawilis mizans.

·        Sesabamisad, normis gamoyenebis sfero Teleologiuri reduqciis gamoyenebis Sedegad unda SeizRudos imgvarad, rom igi ar moicavdes mZRolisa da satransporto saSualebis mflobels Soris arsebul urTierTobebs.


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